Utilization
How full blocks are: gas used against the gas limit, the demand signal the base fee responds to.
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Since Helicon (Sep 22, 2026) a block reserves each transaction's gas limit when it is accepted, and a transaction is charged the larger of its gas used and half its limit. Before, all three were the gas used.
How this is measured
Per-block utilization is gas_used / gas_limit. The daily trend averages it across every block of the day; the distribution counts blocks by fullness bucket, which shows the shape of demand a single average hides: a chain idling at 10% with hourly spikes to 80% prices very differently from one flat at 25%.
Sustained utilization above the fee mechanism's target is what drives the base fee up; the two detail sheets are two views of the same market.